1 | CIVILIZATION

• Part of speech: Noun

• Definition: The stage of human development and organization marked by the creation and advancement of complex societies.

• Example Sentences:

  1. Ancient Mesopotamia is believed to be one of the earliest cradles of civilization.

  2. We read about the Indus Valley civilization which flourished around 2500 BCE.

  3. The Mayan civilization left behind amazing architectural and cultural structures.

2 | REVOLUTION

• Part of speech: Noun

• Definition: A sudden, radical, or complete change, often referring to political or social upheaval.

• Example Sentences:

  1. The French Revolution had a huge impact on Europe.

  2. The Industrial Revolution transformed many societies.

  3. The Cuban Revolution led to the establishment of a government based on socialism.

3 | COLONIZATION

• Part of speech: Noun

• Definition: The process of establishing settlements in a new territory, often involving the control or dominance of the indigenous population.

• Example Sentences:

  1. European powers engaged in extensive colonization in the past.

  2. The colonization of America resulted in the displacement and marginalization of Native American populations.

  3. The British colonization of India had widespread economic and political consequences.

4 | IMPERIALISM

• Part of speech: Noun

• Definition: A policy or practice of extending a nation's power and influence through territorial acquisition or economic dominance.

• Example Sentences:

  1. The Scramble for Africa was a period of intense European imperialism in the latter part of the 19th century.

  2. The teacher told the students how important it was for them to understand imperialism.

  3. Imperialism played an important role in shaping global power dynamics in the past.

4 | NATIONALISM

• Part of speech: Noun

• Definition: A strong sense of loyalty and devotion to one's own nation or ethnic group, often accompanied by the belief in its superiority.

• Example Sentences:

  1. The rise of nationalism in the 19th century contributed to the formation of new sovereign states in Europe.

  2. Nationalism can have many good and bad effects on societies.

  3. The concept of self-determination is closely associated with nationalism.